Pendampingan implementasi teknologi untuk melatih kemampuan empati anak autis selama masa pandemi

Authors

  • Meredita Susanty Universitas Pertamina
  • Waskito Pranowo Universitas Pertamina
  • Erwin Setiawan Universitas Pertamina
  • Intan Oktafiani Universitas Pertamina
  • Randi Fermana Universitas Pertamina
  • Akbar Barrinaya Universitas Pertamina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22460/as.v5i3.10747

Keywords:

pembelajaran jarak jauh, aplikasi seluler, komunikasi, pendidikan usia dini

Abstract

Penetapan aturan social distancing berikut penutupan sekolah dan tempat hiburan anak selama penyebaran wabah COVID-19 menimbulkan kesulitan bagi anak untuk berinteraksi dengan lingkungan sosialnya. Keterbatasan akses ini menimbulkan kekhawatiran yang tinggi pada orangtua dengan anak yang memiliki diagnosa autisme karena kemampuan sosial anak ASD dapat menurun apabila tidak diberikan jumlah stimulasi sosial yang tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di beberapa negara maju, virtual reality (VR) dilihat sebagai sebuah platform yang efisien, aman dan menarik bagi anak-anak dengan gangguan spektrum autisme untuk dapat melatih keterampilan sosialnya secara online. Melalui kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini, Universitas Pertamina bekerjasama dengan Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Padjadjaran untuk membangun aktivitas berbasis VR yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan sosial pada anak dengan diagnosa autisme. Aktivitas akan dirancang dalam bentuk permainan interaktif yang dapat menstimulasi kemampuan interaksi anak, seperti kemampuan untuk berempati, memusatkan atensi visual dan auditori ke lawan bicara, mengikuti instruksi verbal, mematuhi aturan dan menyelesaikan konflik sosial. Hasil dari program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini di kemudian hari dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu di dalam kegiatan terapi sosial oleh para profesional, seperti psikolog dan terapis yang bekerja dengan anak berkebutuhan khusus. Selain itu, orangtua dari anak autis juga dapat memanfaatkan alat ini untuk menstimulasi kemampuan anaknya di rumah.

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2020, August). What Is Autism Spectrum Disorder? Retrieved January 14, 2021, from https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/autism/what-is-autism-spectrum-disorder#:~:text=Autism%20spectrum%20disorder%20(ASD)%20is,are%20different%20in%20each%20person.

Desiningrum, D. R., “Psikologi anak berkebutuhan khusus,†2017.

D. Galin, Software quality assurance from theory to implementation. Pearson Addison Wesley, 2004.

Dr. Valda Garcia., “Ragam terapi untuk penderita autis,†2021.

Fengfeng Ke, J. (2020, September 15). Virtual reality–Based Social Skills Training for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder - Fengfeng Ke, Jewoong Moon, Zlatko Sokolikj, 2020.

F. Ke, J. Moon, and Z. Sokolikj, “Virtual reality–based social skills training for children with autism spectrum disorder,†Journal of Special Education Technology, p. 016264342094560, 2020.

G. Musser, “How virtual reality is transforming autism studies,†2021.

Hallahan, D. P., “Exceptional children: Introduction to special education,†1991.

Interaction Design Foundation. (n.d.). What is Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)? Retrieved December 20, 2020, from https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/topics/human-computer-interaction

Junyati, “Kualitas software model ISO 9126,†2021.

J. K. Haas, “A history of the unity game engine,†2014.

J. R. Lewis, “IBM computer usability satisfaction questionnaires: Psychometric evaluation and instructions for use,†International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 57–78, 1995.

Kandalaft, M. R., Didehbani, N., Krawczyk, D. C., Allen, T. T., and Chapman, S. B. (2013). Virtual reality social cognition training for young adults with high-functioning autism. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 43(1):34–44.

Masi A, Demayo MM, Glozier N, et al. An overview of autism spectrum disorder, heterogeneity and treatment options. Neurosci Bull. 2017;33(2):183-193. doi:10.1007/s12264-017-0100-y

M. Bellani, L. Fornasari, L. Chittaro, and P. Brambilla, “Virtual reality in autism: state of the art,†Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 235–238, 2011.

Nathan Caruana, & Jon Brock. (2017, May 16). Virtual reality yields clues to social difficulties in autism | Spectrum | Autism Research News. https://www.spectrumnews.org/opinion/viewpoint/virtual-reality-yields-clues-social-difficulties-autism/

Parsons, S. and Mitchell, P. (2002). The potential of virtual reality in social skills training for people with autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of intellectual disability research, 46(5):430–443.

Ranky, R., Sivak, M., Lewis, J., Gade, V., Deutsch, J. E., and Mavroidis, C. (2010). Vrack—virtual reality augmented cycling kit: Design and validation. In 2010 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR), pages 135–138. IEEE.

Rudy, L. (2020, December 17). Making Sense of the Three Levels of Autism. Retrieved January 15, 2021, from https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-are-the-three-levels-of-autism-260233

R. Capilla and M. Mart Ìınez, “Software architectures for designing virtual reality applications,†Software Architecture, pp. 135–147, 2004.

R. Rubey and A. Brewer, “Software quality assurance standards-a comparison and an integration,†[1991 Proceedings] Fourth Software Engineering Standards Application Workshop.

The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. (2020, June 29). Diagnostic Criteria. Retrieved January 15, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/hcp-dsm.html

Sharp, H., Preece, J., & Rogers, Y. (2019). Interaction design: Beyond human-computer interaction. Indianapolis: Wiley.

Wallace, S., Parsons, S.,Westbury, A., White, K., White, K., and Bailey, A. (2010). Sense of presence and atypical social judgments in immersive virtual environments: Responses of adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Autism, 14(3):199–213

Downloads

Published

2022-10-31

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 3 (2022): Oktober 2022

Section

Articles

License

1. Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Open Access

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

Â