A DEIXIS ANALYSIS OF SONG LYRICS IN “I WANT TO BREAK FREE” BY QUEEN

A Deixis Analysis of Song Lyrics in Queen “I Want to Break Free”. The aim of the research are to analyze the three types of deixis analysis using Yule (1996) theory and to identify the dominant deixis found in the lyrics. Researchers chose this song as the subject of analysis because of the song's popularity and it also consisted of deictic words and reference meanings. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The data this research are lyrics of “I want to break free” song by Queen. In addition, this song was classified into three types of deixis analysis based on their own criteria. The result of the research showed that there are three types of deixis found in the song. They are: Person deixis (94%), Spatial deixis: (3%), Temporal deixis: (3%). In addition, the highest percentage of all is Person deixis. It means that the use of personal deixis indicated the participant in this song.


INTRODUCTION
In this world there are several ways to communicate everything, for example: spoken language, written language, and movement. That can be done by singing, poetry, drama etc. Everyone can express ideas between people with them. Herman (2015), defines language as a pure human method and is not instinctive in communicating ideas, emotions and desires through a voluntary symbol system. Song is a one of the ways to communicate the enables human to cooperate. Song is considered to be a system of communication with other people using sounds and song to express a feeling, sense, idea, emotion or thought.
There are various reasons why people want to use songs in their life and their activities. Some people need it so much to enlarge their business or another projects, to develop their talent, some other people just want to express their feeling, sense, ideas, desire, message and to talk about anything within their communication in any situation.
Based on Cambridge dictionary third edition, lyrics is the words of song, especially a pop song, or a short poem which express the personal thoughts and feelings of the person who wrote it. This means that not only the arrangement of words into sentences, but also the representation of feelings and emotions of composers to describe their feelings such as desires, struggles, love, ideas and feelings. There are several messages sent by the composer to the listener with certain conditions or context situations in a song's lyrics.
Related to the lyrics in the previous paragraph, song lyrics that represent the composer's emotions and intention to describe their feelings such as love, struggle, problems, jealousy, peace, are ways to make beauty communicate. The following example will be given as an illustration. It is taken from the famous song by Queen's song "I Want To Break Free".

Deixis
Deixis is a word borrowed from the Greek verb which means "pointing" or indicating. Pragmatic deixis is a term used to indicate a word or phrase that directly refers to an entity (objects, processes, attributes, and circumstances). In other words, deictic expression is used by the speaker to refer to or identify entities in non-linguistic and linguistic situations. When the speaker and the addressee are in a non-linguistic situation, the identification of the referents is easy. Saeed (2003) said that the word deixis was borrowed from classical Greek deiknymi which means "to show or point out".

Types Of Deixis
There are three traditional categories of deixis it is supported by Levinson (1983) in Anugrah (2018) explain that i.e. person deixis, place or spatial deixis, and time or temporal deixis. These categories are understood in the following way.

a. Person Deixis
According to Levinson (1983), deixists concerned the coding of the participant's role in the speech program. Person deixis clearly operates in three basic parts of the division, exemplified by the pronouns for the first person (I), the second person (you), and the third person (he, she, or it). See his examples below: Person deixis is usually expressed by pronouns, such as I, my, mine, you, your, yours, we, ours, us, etc. These pronouns require the identification of speakers and listeners for interpretation. In addition, other expressions such as this person, that man, these women, those children, etc are also deictic because for the listener to make a referential relationship and understand what is meant, they need pragmatic information (ibid).

b. Place or Spatial Deixis
Spatial or Deixis place refers to how language shows the relationship between participants' space and location in a discourse. Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams (2003) say that, deixis expression of place requires contextual information from utterances such as here, there, this place, that place, this city, etc. In English, the difference between a participant's room and location in discourse is shown in demonstrative pronouns (that-this), or in adverbs (here-there), directional terms (before-behind, left-right, front-back) or in phrases like at our place, out back etc.
In addition, Yule (1996) said in considering spatial deixation, however, it is important to remember that location from the speaker's perspective can be improved mentally or physically.
For example: Proximal term of here means the location of the speaker.

c. Discourse Deixis
Discourse deixis encodes reference to parts of the unfolding discourse in which the utterance is located (Levinson, 1983). Discourse deixis is an expression served to refer to special discourse that includes the utterance or as a indication and its relations to surrounding text. The deictic phrases used by this deixis are -this‖ that refers to a upcoming part and -that‖ to a former part.
The examples of Discourse Deixis can be seen as follows: a. I know you've already known that.
b. This is important, remember it!

d. Social Deixis
Social deixis differs from the other kinds of deixis. Social deixis does not refer to the time, place, or person, but it refers to the social ranking and positions between the speaker and the addressee in the society using language. Levinson (1983) declared that social deixis deals with the encoding of social differences between speaker and addressee or speaker and some referents. In the other words, social deixis is an expression used to distinct social ranks and status. Levinson (1983) adds that there are two central kinds of social deixis, they are: Relational Social Deixis and Absolute Social Deixis. Relational Social Deixis refers to some social characteristic and features of referent apart from deictic reference to a social relationship between the speaker and addressee.

METHOD
The aim of this research are to analyze the types of deixis and the dominant to identify deixis which found in the famous song "I Want To Break Free" by Queen. The method used in this research is qualitative research method. This research is categorized as descriptive qualitative because the data have been analyzed and its findings are in the form of descriptions, instead of numbers. A descriptive research determines and reports the thing. It means that this research happens naturally, has no control over the condition and situation, and can only measure what already exist (Gay and Airasian, 1992). The source data used is the lyric of "I Want To Break Free" song by Queen.
The data were taken from the lyric song "I Want To Break Free" by Queen's song. There are 67 the deixis words will be analyzed and classified.
The The data of this study were taken from the lyric song "I Want To Break Free" by Queen especially the kinds and dominant deixis which found in this lyric. The researcher used two steps in data collecting. First, listening technique by listen the song several times, then the researcher used taking notes technique to find out the kinds of deixis by use the data card that was prepared before. Volume 4, No. 2, March 2021 pp 244-249 A Deixis Analysis of Song Lyrics in "I Want to Break Free" By Queen|247

Results
After analyzing the data, the researcher found some lyric which taken from the lyric song "I Want To Break Free" by Queen. The researcher used some steps in this research. First, the researcher transcribes the lyric and the second the researcher tabulating the classifying the deixis into person deixis, spatial and temporal deixis, and the last is the researcher draws general interpretation on the lyric. It can be proven by following tables below:

Discussion
From the table above, it can be seen that the large number the kinds of deixis which found in the lyric song are: Person deixis (94%), Spatial deixis: (3%), Temporal deixis: (3%). The highest percentage of all is Person deixis, it means that the dominant of deixis which use in the lyric song "I want to break free" by Queen's song" is Person deixis.

CONCLUSION
After describing an overview about the kinds of deixis the lyric song "I want to break free" by Queen, some conclusions are drawn as the following: Based on the lyric song "I want to break free" by Queen, the kinds of deixis are found in that lyric, they are: person deixis, spatial deixis, temporal deixis. The dominant deixis in the lyric song "I want to break free" by Queen is person Deixis.