INQUIRY - CHART FOR TEACHING CRITICAL READING

Authors

  • Indah Okitasari BadanPengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22460/project.v5i1.p218-235

Abstract

This study aims to investigate how inquiry chart facilitates students in learning critical reading and to describe benefits and challenges found by students during teaching and learning process. Qualitative research data were collected through classroom observation, written test and depth interview. The results revealed that I-Chart learning strategy facilitated students to learn critical reading abilities. Deep interview confirmed that students responded positively toward the I-Chart learning strategies. They were motivated to learn and read more texts. They admitted that the learning strategies might have been the tool for them to enhance deep knowledge of a topic. However, the study found that students remained inactive in delivering arguments in the classroom. Students’ background knowledge had been one of the teaching obstacles found in this study. Time constraints and unavailability of internet access might be the serious problem to encounter in the process of teaching and learning in the classroom. More participants are recommended for further research.

 

Keywords:  Inquiry-Chart, Reading

 

 

References

Alberta, L. (2004). Focus on Inquiry: a teacher’s guide to implementing inquiry based learning. Edmonton, AB: Alberta education.

Alwasilah, A.C. (2012). Pokoknya Kualitatif. Bandung: Pustaka Jaya.

Amaral, O. M., Garrison, L., & Klentschy, M. (2002). Helping English learners increase achievement through inquiry-based science instruction. Bilingual research journal, 26(2), 213-239.

Austin, L., Fisher Liu, B., & Jin, Y. (2012). How audiences seek out crisis information: Exploring the social-mediated crisis communication model. Journal of applied communication research, 40(2), 188-207.

Bailin, S. (2002). Critical thinking and science education. Science & Education, 11(4), 361-375.Baranapatana, M. (2012). Enhancing Critical Thinking of Undergraduate Thai Students through Dialogic Inquiry. Australia: The University of Canbera.

Barnett, R. (2005). Reshaping the university: New relationships between research, scholarship and teaching. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).

Beyer, B. K. (1995). Critical Thinking. Fastback 385. Phi Delta Kappa, 408 N. Union, PO Box 789, Bloomington, IN 47402-0789.

Blaxter, et.al. 2001. How to Research. Bandung: PT Indeks Kelompok Gramedia.

Bogdan and Biklen. (1992). Qulitative Research for Education. United States of America. A Division of Simon and Schuster, inc.

Braten. (2015). Understanding and Promoting Upper-Secondary School Students’ CriticalReading and Learning in the 21st Century Information Society - Department of Education.

Bruce, B. C., & Wasser, J. D. (1996). An inquiry model for literacy across the curriculum. Journal of Curriculum studies, 28(3), 281-300.

Bruner, J. (1990). Acts of meaning. Harvard university press.

Burgh, G., & Nichols, K. (2012). The parallels between philosophical inquiry and scientific inquiry: Implications for science education. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 44(10), 1045–1059.

Capacity Building Series. (20011). Getting Started with Students’ Inquiry.

Carnesi, S., & DiGiorgio, K. (2009). Teaching the inquiry process to 21st century learners. Library Media Connection, 27(5), 32-36.Capacity Building Series. (2003). Secretarial of Special Education 52. Ontario.

Center for Inspire Teaching. (2008). Inquiry Based Teaching Center for Inspired Teaching. • 1436 U St NW, Suite 400 • Washington, DC 20009 •

Chaffee, J.(2000). Thinking Critically. New York, Boston: Houngton Mifflin Company.

Chaffee, J. (2002). Critical Thinking, Thoughtful Writing. New York, Boston: Houngton Mifflin Company.

Clark, L. I. 2003. Concepts in Composition. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Cohen, L. (2007). Research methods in education 6th ed.Colwell (1999). An Exploration of An Inquiry in the English Classroom.

Conley, D. (2005). College knowledge: What it really takes for students to succeed and what we can do to get them ready. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Costa, A. L., & Garmston, R. J. (2002). Cognitive coaching: A foundation for renaissance schools. Christopher-Gordon Publishers, Inc., 1502 Providence Highway, Suite 12, Norwood, MA 02062 (Order no. 1002B: $54.95)..

Cottrell, S. (2005). Critical Thinking Skills. New York: Palgrave. Macmillan.

Creswell, J.W. (1994). Research Design: Qualitative and Quanitative Approachers. New Delhi:SAGE Publication.

Cullinan, B. E. (2000). Independent reading and school achievement. School Library Media Research, 3(3), 1-24.

Cuseo, J. B. (2003). Critical thinking and cooperative learning: A natural marriage. Small group instruction in higher education: lessons from the past, visions of the future.

Crocker, J., & Bowden, M. (2012). Putting Language Teaching Principles into Practice. Tabard, (27), 3-15.

Darling-Hammond, L., Adamson, F., & Abedi, J. (2010). Beyond basic skills: The role of performance assessment in achieving 21st century standards of learning. Stanford Center for Opportunity Pollcy in Education.

Beach, R and Myers, J. (2001). Inquiry-Based English Instrctions :Engaging Students in Life and Literarture. USA : Colombia University.

Day, R., & Bamford, J. (2002). Top ten principles for teaching extensive reading.

Deal, A. and Rareshide, M. (2013). Critical Reading Manual. Winston Salem State University.

Dewey, J. (1916,2007). Democracy and education: An introduction to the philosophy of education. NuVision Publishers, LLC.

Duncan, J. (2006). EPS Mid-Career Award 2004: brain mechanisms of attention. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 59(1), 2-27.

Eggins, S. (2004). An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistic. London: Continum Internation Publishing Group.

Emilia, E. (2011). Pendekatan Genre-Based dalam Pembelajaran Bahsa Inggris:petunjuk untuk Guru. Bandung: Rizqi.

Emilia, E and Cristie, F. (2013). Factual Genres in English. Bandung: Rizki Press.

Emilia, E. (2005). A Critical Genre Based Approach to Teaching Academic Wriitngto a tertiary EFL Context in Indonesia. Paper Presented in the 1st international seminar on Literacy Education in Developing countries Semarang, 20-30 September 2005.

Emilia, E. (2010). Teaching writing: Developing Critical Learners. Banadung: Rizqi press.

Emilia, E. (2014). Introducing to Functional Grammar. Bandung: PT Dunia Pustaka Jaya.

Emilia, E. (2012). Menulis Tesis dan Disertasi. Bandung: CV. Alfabeta.

Emilia, E, dan Suryadi, Didi. Metode Penelitian. Bandung: UPI.

English Reader. (2009). Fact and Opinion. ASC.

Ennis, R. H. (1993). Critical thinking assessment. Theory into practice, 32(3), 179-186.

Ennis, R.H. (1996). Critical Thinking. New Jersey: Prentice Hall

Ennis, R. H. (2011). The nature of critical thinking: An outline of critical thinking dispositions and abilities. University of Illinois, 2(4), 1-8.

Ennis, R. (2011). Twenty-One Strategies and Tactics for Teaching Critical Thinking, last revised, 2013. February from: https://studylib. net/doc/6590954/twentyone-strategies-and-tactics-for-teaching-critical-t.

Eriksson, P., & Kovalainen, A. (2008). Grounded Theory Research. P. Erikson, & A. Kovalainen, Qualitative Method in Researc Busines, 155-172.Facione, P. A. The Disposition toward Critical Thinking: Its Character, Measurement, and Relationship to Critical Thinking Skill/ San Fransisco: Iniversity of Santa Clara.

Fairclough, N. (1992). Critical language awareness. Routledge.Feez and Joce. (2012). Text-based language literacy education: Programming and methodology. Australia: Phoenix Education Pty Ltd.

Firkins, A., Forey, G., & Sengupta, S. (2007). Teaching writing to low proficiency EFL students. ELT journal, 61(4), 341-352.Gaildee (2015). Reading and its benefits for students in school.

Gass, M and Mackey, A. (2005). Second Language Research:Methodology and Design. New Jersey: Lawrence Edbumm Associates Inc. Publishers.

Gertzman and Kolodner. 1996). Inquiry chart for Reading in the Classroom.

Gibbons, P. (2002). Scaffolding language, scaffolding learning. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.Glembow. (2006). Inquiry based learning for students.

Glen. (2011). Benefits of Reading: 8 Reasons Books Improve Your Life. Retrieved May 14, 2015, from http://lifedev.net/2009/06/reading-makes-you-better/

Heick, T. (2013). Phases Of InquiryBased Learning: A Guide For Tea-chers. Tersedia: http://www. teachthought. com/learning/4-phases-inquiry-based-learning-guide-teachers/[28 April 2016].

Heitler, D. (2005). Teaching with Authentic Materials. www.intelligent-business.org

Hmelo-Silver, C. E., Duncan, R. G., & Chinn, C. A. (2007). Scaffolding and achievement in problem-based and inquiry learning: a response to Kirschner, Sweller, and. Educational psychologist, 42(2), 99-107.

Hiemstra, R. (2001). Uses and benefits of journal writing. New directions for adult and continuing education, 2001(90), 19.

Hobson, E. (2004). Getting Students to Read: Fourteen Tips. The Journal of Idea Corner, July 2004. Georgia Southern University

Hoffman, J. V. (1992). Critical reading/thinking across the curriculum: Using I-charts to support learning. Language arts, 69(2), 121-127.

Inderjit, S. (2014). Reading trends and improving reading skills among students in Malaysia. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 3(5), 70-81.

Inquiry Page. (2013). Curriculum reform in Indonesia Outline of Presentation.

Johns, A. M. (2002). Genre in the classroom: Multiple perspectives. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.Jansen. (2011). An Inquiry Based Instructional Planning Model that Accomodates Students’ Diversity.

Kember, D. (1997). A reconceptualisation of the research into university academics' conceptions of teaching. Learning and instruction, 7(3), 255-275.

Kobayashi, H., & Rinnert, C. (2001). Factors Relating To Efl Writers'discourse Level Revision Skills'. International Journal of English Studies, 1(2), 71-101.

Kemendikbud, (2013). Dokumen Kurikulum 2013 untuk SMA

King, A. (1995). Designing the instructional process to enhance critical thinking across the curriculum. Teaching of Psychology, 22(1), 13-17.

Kress, G. (2003). Literacy in the new media age. Routledge.

Lai, E. R. (2011). Critical thinking: A literature review. Pearson's Research Reports, 6(1), 40-41.

Lent, R. C. (2012). Background knowledge: The glue that makes learning stick. Overcoming textbook fatigue: 21st century tools to revitalize teaching and learning, 202.

Levy, N.C. (1995). Wriitng Difficulties and New SOlution

McComas, W.F. (2003). Enhancing the Education of Scientifically Gifted Students with Inquiry Instructions. Los Angles: University of Southern California.

McGaw , E and Peterson, P. (2007). Constructivism and Learning. Instructional Encyclopedia of Education 4rd Oxford: Elsevier.

McKenzie, P., & Santiago, P. (Eds.). (2005). Education and training policy teachers matter: Attracting, developing and retaining effective teachers. OECD publishing.Depdiknas, (2012). Dokumen Kurikulum 2013. http://kangmartho.com. Accessed on March, 2014.

McKinnery and Lexy. (2005). Help for struggling readers: Strategies for grades 3-8. New York: Guilford.

Mc.Namara, D.S. (2007). The Importance of Teaching Reading Strategies. The Journal of Perspective on Literacy and language Spring 2009, ol 2. The International Dyslexia Association

Medwell, J., Wray, D., Poulson, L., & Fox, R. (1998). Effective Teachers of Literacy.

Moleong, L. (2007). Metodologi Penelitian kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja Posdakarya

Monalise. (2011). Teaching Reading Narrative Text by Combining Inquiry Chart with Visualization for Students at Senior High School . STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat.

Moreillon, J. (2014). Inquiry Learning and Reading Comprehension Strategy Instruction: Processes That Go Hand in Hand. Knowledge Questof Inquiry. No 42. 2014.

Msanjila, Y. P. (2005). Problems of writing in Kiswahili: a case study of Kigurunyembe and Morogoro secondary schools in Tanzania. Nordic Journal of African Studies, 14(1), 15-25.

Mustafa, B. (2012). Indonesian People Reading Habit is view Low :How Learners Can Enhance The People Reading Habit. Indonesia: Bogor Agricultiural University

Noor, N. M. (2011). Reading habits and preferences of EFL post graduates: A case study. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1(1), 1-9.

Norris, S and Ennis, R. (1985, 1986, 1990). Evaluating Critical Thinking. Midwest Publication.

Nosich, R.M. (2001). Learning to Think hnings Through. A Guide to Critical Thinking in the Curriculum. New Jersey: Prantice Hall.Inc.

Nunan, D. (1992). Research Method in Language Learning. Newyork: Cambridge University Press.

Nunan, D and Bailey, K. 2009. Exploring Second Language Classroom Research: A Comprehensive Guide. Australia: HEINLE Chengage Learning. .

Parameters' In Cristie, F and Martin, J. R. (1997). (Eds). Genre and Institution. London: Continum

Paltridge, B. (1994). Genre analysis and the identification of textual boundaries. Applied linguistics, 15(3), 288-299.

Pataray-Ching, J., & Roberson, M. (2002). Misconceptions about a curriculum-as-inquiry framework. Language Arts, 79(6), 498-505.

Pathon and Cochran. (2002). Critical inquiry. The Journal of language Education, Volume 29. No 5.

Paul, R. (1990). Teaching Critical Thinking. New York: Paltridge.

Peha, S. (2003). Writing Accross Curriculum. Reyrieved from, www. ttms. org. 18 December 2014.

Peterson and Hute. (2003). Peterson’s New SAT for the critical reading workbook. Australia: Petersons.

Piaget, J. (1970). Genetic epistemology. Columbia University Press.

Prince, M.J. (2006). Inductive Teaching and Lerning Methods: Definitions, Domparison, and Researches Bases. North Carolina State University. J. Engr. Education, 95(2), 123–138 (2006).

Ray. (2007). Misconception about Curriculum as an Inquiry Framework. Language Arts, Vol. 79 No. 6, July 2002

Rear, D. (2010). A systematic approach to teaching critical thinking through debate. ELTWorldOnline. com, 2, 1-10.

Reichenbach, B. (2001). Introduction to Critical Thinking. Newyork:McGraw-HillHigher Education.

Richards.J. C and Theodore, S. R. (2001). Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. USA: Cambridge University Press.

Roger. (1990). Inquiry Instruction for Students in All Level. www.inquirypage.com.

Scardamalia, M. (2002). Collective cognitive responsibility for the advancement of knowledge. Liberal education in a knowledge society, 97, 67-98.

Schunk, D.H. (2009). Learning Theories. London:Pearson Prantice Hall.

Smith, S. R. (2009). Experienceing the Process of Knowledge Creation: The Nature oand Use of Inquiry-Based Learning in Higher Education. New Zeland: University of Otago.

Smith, L. (Ed.). (1996). Critical readings on Piaget. London: Routledge.Stake, R.E. (2010). Qualitative Research: Know How Things Work. United State of America, The Guilford Press.

Spelkova, I. (2003). Teachers' Attidtudes to SKll and Writing Process in Lutvia. Porto: Rezekne Gymnasium Lutvia.

Sternberg, R. J., & Bhana, K. (1986). Synthesis of Research on the Effectiveness of Intellectual Skills Programs: Snake-Oil Remedies or Miracle Cures?. Educational Leadership, 44(2), 60-67.

Sugiyono. (2013). Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: CV.Alfabeta.

Sulistyaningsih. (2008). Teaching Critical Thinking. Indonsesia. UPI. A Thesis/

Suzane and Miller (2003). Vigotsky’s Education Theory in Cultural Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Tishman, S., & Andrade, A. (2004). Thinking dispositions: A review of current theories, practices, and issues. Retrieved October 1, 2007.

Tilbury, C., Osmond, J., & Scott, T. (2010). Teaching critical thinking in social work education: A literature review. Advances in social work and welfare education, 11(1), 31-50.

Thum. (2008). The Benefits of Journal Writing.

Tomal,, D. (2003). Action Research for Teachers. Lanham: The Scarecrow Press.Inc.

Train. (2003). Active Learning Strategies to Promote Critical Thinking. Retrieved January 22, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC233182/

Vygotsky, L. S. (2012). Thought and language. MIT press.Wade and Moje. (2001). The Role of Text in Classroom Learning: Beginning an Online Dialogue. Available at : http://www.readingonline.org/articles/handbook/wade/. Accessed on : May 24, 2014.

Walker, S. (2012). 5 Reasons Why Your Students Should Write Every Day. Scientific Learning, http://www. scilearn. com/blog/5-reasons-students-should-write-everyday.

Wallace, C. (1992). Reading. Oxford University Press.

Wallace, C. (2003). Critical Reading in Language Education. Palgrave, Macmillan.

Wawro, M., Rasmussen, C., Zandieh, M., Sweeney, G. F., & Larson, C. (2012). An inquiry-oriented approach to span and linear independence: The case of the magic carpet ride sequence. Primus, 22(8), 577-599.

Swales, M. J. (1990). Genre Analyses. Australia: The University of Michigan.

Wilen, W. W., & Phillips, J. A. (1995). Teaching Critical Thinking: A Metacognitive Approach. Social Education, 59(3), 135-38.

Warmer and Myers ((2007). What I Inquiry Based Instruction.The Journal of IFAS Extenstion.

Wells, A. (2010). An Investigation of Inquiry bases Learning in the Inclusive Classroom. University of Manitoba.

Wells, G. (2004). Dialogic Inquiry:Toward Sociocultural Practice and Theory of Education. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.

Westwood, P. S. (2008). What teachers need to know about reading and writing difficulties. Aust Council for Ed Research..

Wigh. (2002). Educational Foundation: Is writing as difficult as it seems? Memory and Cognition 1995. 25 (6) 767-779.

Willingham, D. T. (2007). Critical thinking: Why it is so hard to teach?. American federation of teachers summer 2007, p. 8-19.

Witt and Ulmer(2007). Inquiry Learning in the Classroom of Science. Longman.

Wolff, C. E., Jarodzka, H., van den Bogert, N., & Boshuizen, H. P. (2016). Teacher vision: expert and novice teachers’ perception of problematic classroom management scenes. Instructional Science, 44(3), 243-265.

Yamashita, J. (2008). Extensive reading and development of different aspects of L2 proficiency. System, 36(4), 661-672.

Yin, R. (2003). Case Study Research: Design and Method UDS: SAGE Publication. Inc.

Zorfass, J. M. (1994). Supporting students with learning disabilities: Integrating technology into an I-Search Unit. Technology and Disability, 3(2), 129-136.

Downloads

Published

2022-01-20