A Systematic Review of Technology-Integrated Focus on Form Instruction in Language Education

Muhammad Nurfazri; Sri Mellia Marinda; Nabiel Azhari Husaeni; Ariska Nugraha; Siti Nuraeni Solihah; Dedi Sulaeman; Hapid Ali

Authors

Muhammad Nurfazri Master’s Program in English Education, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
Sri Mellia Marinda Kampus Insantama, Bogor
Nabiel Azhari Husaeni Master’s Program in English Education, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
Ariska Nugraha Master’s Program in English Education, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
Siti Nuraeni Solihah Master’s Program in English Education, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
Dedi Sulaeman Master’s Program in English Education, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
Hapid Ali Department of Linguistics, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Abstract

This study aims to examine the implementation of digitalized focus-form instruction (FFI) in second language learning and identify the types of technologies supporting its pedagogical functions. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) based on PRISMA guidelines, data were collected from major academic databases for publications from 2021 to 2025: Scopus, ERIC, Taylor & Francis, EBSCO, Wiley Online, Sage, and ScienceDirect. Of the 2,426 identified records, 13 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The review results indicate that digital FFI is implemented through three main approaches: explicit, implicit, and hybrid. Besides, this research shows a variety of technologies, including ChatGPT and other large language models, auditory feedback systems in digital literacy games, the Meta AI chatbot via WhatsApp, Grammarly, AI-based diagnostic platforms, Siri as speech recognition, the PRAAT acoustic analysis tool, LLM in the DynaWrite platform, multimedia captioning tools (Nawmal), web-based multimodal teaching platforms, Machina Callida as a corpus-based CALL tool, and ASR-based speech-to-text tools. Thus, these findings highlight the potential of digital FFI to improve linguistic accuracy, noticing, and metalinguistic awareness.

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