UNDERSTANDING OVER-EDITING BEHAVIOR OF INDONESIAN TRANSLATORS: A COGNITIVE READINESS APPROACH

Authors

  • Ryan Hilman Aziz University of Brawijaya, Indonesia
  • Esti Junining University of Brawijaya, Indonesia
  • Sri Endah Tabiati University of Brawijaya, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22460/project.v6i3.p497-508

Abstract

Due to the excessive usage of the assisted-translation machine, abundant translators create defective translation documents. This phenomenon expands to the ignorance of translators’ foundational abilities, such as mastering metalinguistic skills and vocabulary expansion. Thus, this study investigates to what extent translators rely on assisted-translation machines to translate rather than preparing their cognitive and psychological maturity, culminating in over-editing behavior. It uses a survey method to collect data from an Indonesian translator’s community, namely “Himpunan Penerjemah Indonesia†(HPI), reflecting the translators’ over-editing behavior in translating documents from their clients. Before distributing the questionnaire, the authors employed a pilot test, achieving high feasibility. Firstly, it found that cognitive readiness plays a significant role in translation processes because, in either translation agencies or self-employment, translators must master specific language knowledge for both source- and target language. Secondly, both full- and full-member translators revealed different perspectives on translating readiness, indicating mental maturity differences due to lack of experience, different mindsets, and broad knowledge capacities and capabilities, leading to dissimilar behavior in utilizing technology. Finally, this study commemorates that thorough consideration before using technology is necessary, contemplating its benefits and drawbacks and positing translators’ skills and knowledge as a fundamental translation process, diminishing over-editing behavior.

 

Keywords:  Translators; Over-Editing; Operational Cognitive Readiness; Mental Preparation

References

Bierman, K. L., Torres, M. M., Domitrovich, C. E., Welsh, J. A., & Gest, S. D. (2009). Behavioral and Cognitive Readiness for School: Cross-domain Associations for Children Attending Head Start. Social Development, 18(2), 305–323. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00490.x

Bundgaard, K., & Christensen, T. P. (2019). Is the concordance feature the new black? A workplace study of translators’ interaction with translation resources while post-editing TM and MT matches. Journal of Specialised Translation, 31(31), 14–37.

Christensen, A. P., Golino, H., & Silvia, P. J. (2020). A psychometric network perspective on the validity and validation of personality trait questionnaires. European Journal of Personality, 34(6), 1095–1108.

Crameri, L., Hettiarachchi, I., & Hanoun, S. (2021). A Review of Individual Operational Cognitive Readiness: Theory Development and Future Directions. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 63(1), 66–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819868409

Cronin, M. (2013). Translation and globalisation. Routledge.

Dansby Olufowote, R. A., Fife, S. T., Schleiden, C., & Whiting, J. B. (2020). How can I become more secure?: A grounded theory of earning secure attachment. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 46(3), 489–506.

ELIS. (2022). European Language Industry Survey 2022: Trends, expectations and concerns of the European language industry (pp. 1–43). ELIS.

Ericsson, K. A. (2014). Adaptive Expertise and Cognitive Readiness: A Perspective from the Expert-Performance Approach. In H. F. O’Neil, R. S. Perez, & E. L. Baker (Eds.), Teaching and Measuring Cognitive Readiness (pp. 179–197). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7579-8_10

Grier, R. A. (2012). Military Cognitive Readiness at the Operational and Strategic Levels: A Theoretical Model for Measurement Development. Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, 6(4), 358–392. https://doi.org/10.1177/1555343412444606

Jakobsen, A. L. (2018). Moving translation, revision, and post-editing boundaries. In Moving boundaries in translation studies (pp. 64–80). Routledge.

Keming, P., & Aiping, M. (2022). Translation revision and post-editing: Industry practices and cognitive processes: edited by M. Koponen, B. Mossop, I. Robert and G. Scocchera, New York, Routledge, 2020, 294 pp., £27.99 (paperback), ISBN: 9781138549715. Asia Pacific Translation and Intercultural Studies, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/23306343.2022.2106076

Kemp, S. E., Ng, M., Hollowood, T., & Hort, J. (2018). Introduction to descriptive analysis. Descriptive Analysis in Sensory Evaluation, 1.

Lester, J. N., Cho, Y., & Lochmiller, C. R. (2020). Learning to do qualitative data analysis: A starting point. Human Resource Development Review, 19(1), 94–106.

Marin-Lacarta, M., & Vargas-Urpi, M. (2019). Translators revising translators: A fruitful alliance. Perspectives, 27(3), 404–418.

Mellinger, C. D. (2017). Translators and machine translation: Knowledge and skills gaps in translator pedagogy. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer, 11(4), 280–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750399X.2017.1359760

Mellinger, C. D., & Shreve, G. M. (2016). Match evaluation and over-editing in a translation memory environment. Reembedding Translation Process Research, 131–148.

Miraglia, M., Cenciotti, R., Alessandri, G., & Borgogni, L. (2017). Translating self-efficacy in job performance over time: The role of job crafting. Human Performance, 30(5), 254–271.

Moorkens, J., & O’Brien, S. (2017). Assessing user interface needs of post-editors of machine translation. In Human issues in translation technology (pp. 127–148). Routledge.

Muñoz Martín, R. (Ed.). (2016). Reembedding Translation Process Research (Vol. 128). John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.128

Ne’eman, A., & Shaul, S. (2021). Readiness or Impairment: Cognitive and Linguistic Differences Between Children Who Learn to Read and Those Who Exhibit Difficulties With Reading in Kindergarten Compared to Their Achievements at the End of First Grade. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 614996.

O’Brien, S., & Simard, M. (2014). Introduction to special issue on post-editing. Machine Translation, 28(3), 159–164.

O’Hagan, M. (2019). The Routledge handbook of translation and technology. Routledge.

PopiÄ, D. (2014). Revising translation revision in Slovenia. New Horizons in Translation Research and Education 2, 72.

Preddy, J. E., Stefaniak, J. E., & Katsioloudis, P. (2019). Building a Cognitive Readiness for Violent Police–Citizen Encounters: A Task Analysis. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 32(1), 55–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/piq.21288

Raskind, I. G., Shelton, R. C., Comeau, D. L., Cooper, H. L., Griffith, D. M., & Kegler, M. C. (2019). A review of qualitative data analysis practices in health education and health behavior research. Health Education & Behavior, 46(1), 32–39.

Rega, L. (1999). Alcune considerazioni sul problema della revisione nell’ambito della traduzione.

Robert, I., & Brunette, L. (2016). Should revision trainees think aloud while revising somebody else’s translation? Insights from an empirical study with professionals. Meta: Journal Des Traducteurs/Meta: Translators’ Journal, 61(2), 320–345.

Robert, I. S., Schrijver, I., & Ureel, J. J. (2022). Measuring translation revision competence and post-editing competence in translation trainees: Methodological issues. Perspectives, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2022.2030377

Rushmer, R., Ward, V., Nguyen, T., & Kuchenmüller, T. (2019). Knowledge translation: Key concepts, terms and activities. In Population health monitoring (pp. 127–150). Springer.

Saleh, N. J., & Weda, S. (2018). Indonesian Poetry Translation: The Problem Within. Journal of English as an International Language, 13, 64–87.

Saputra, M. A., & Hadi, C. (2023). Investor’s Learning Style and Knowledge Acquisition Dimension: The Role of ICT in Maximising Knowledge Acquisition. Journal of Accounting and Investment, 24(1), 25–49.

Screen, B. (2019). What effect does post-editing have on the translation product from an end-user’s perspective. The Journal of Specialised Translation, 31, 133–157.

Smidt, L., Ahmi, A., Steenkamp, L., Van der Nest, D., & Lubbe, D. (2019). A Maturityâ€level Assessment of Generalised Audit Software: Internal Audit Functions in Australia. Australian Accounting Review, 29(3), 516–531.

Specia, L., Scarton, C., & Paetzold, G. H. (2018). Quality estimation for machine translation. Synthesis Lectures on Human Language Technologies, 11(1), 1–162.

Sumiyana, S., Hadi, C., & Saputra, M. A. (2022). A New Contemporary Profession as Game Boosters: The Behavioural Emergence of Intellectual Opportunism. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2022.

Sumiyana, S., Pratiwi, I. D., Hadi, C., Utami, E. R., & Saputra, M. A. (n.d.). Students’ Game Addiction Caused by Multi-Constructs and Multi-Dimensions: Self-Controls, Cognitive Biases and Opportunistic Behaviours. 698.

Van Egdom, G., & Pluymaekers, M. (2019). Why go the extra mile? How different degrees of post-editing affect perceptions of texts, senders and products among end users. Journal of Specialised Translation, 31, 158–176.

Vorozhbitova, A. A., Konovalova, G. M., Ogneva, T. N., & Chekulaeva, N. Y. (2017). Continuous Linguistic Rhetorical Education as a Means of Optimizing Language Policy in Russian Multinational Regions. European Journal of Contemporary Education, 6(2), 328–340.

Wang, L., & Fan, J. (2020). Assessing Business English writing: The development and validation of a proficiency scale. Assessing Writing, 46, 100490.

Yang, Y. (2022). Translation Revision and Post-editing: Industry Practices and Cognitive Processes. Maarit Koponen, Brian Mossop, Isabelle S. Robert and Giovanna Scocchera (eds). Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, 37(3), 918–920. https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqab097

Downloads

Published

2023-05-11